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Why udev rules are needed

Linux restricts raw USB access by default. Without the correct udev rules your user account cannot put the device into EDL mode without sudo. Run the single command below. It writes the EDL-mode rule in one shot:
Then restart udev:
If your device is already connected, unplug and replug the USB cable.

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Manual setup

  1. Navigate to the udev rules directory:
  1. Check whether the file already exists:
  1. Create or open the file:
  1. Add (or verify) the following content:
  1. Restart udev:

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Confirm plugdev membership

If your user account is not in the plugdev group, device access will fail even with correct udev rules.
Check your groups:
If plugdev is missing, add yourself:
Log out and back in (or reboot) for the change to take effect.